GROßWALD | EUROPEAN DEFENCE INTELLIGENCE

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Großwald Signal

Signal No. 138 · Seventy million, paid in advance

Estonia's defence minister resigned over EUR 70 million of European Peace Facility money paid in advance to an Italian-registered company that had never sold a shell

Großwald Signal

Signal No. 137 · Russian airspace, notified

Großwald Signal

Signal No. 136 · Leipzig: Russia named

[DIN] Industry [SPC] Space

OHB Takes a EUR 1 Billion IRIS² Contract From SES for 18 Medium-Orbit Satellites, Launches From 2029

[DPL] Policy [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence [DIP] Diplomacy

Greece and Israel Sign the EUR 3 Billion Achilles Shield — David's Sling, SPYDER and Barak MX as One Network

[DIN] Industry [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence [ARC] Arctic & Nordics

Finland Orders the Saab RBS 70 NG Very-Short-Range Air Defence System for SEK 1.2 Billion

[DIN] Industry [SPC] Space

ESA Signs Launcher Challenge Contracts With Isar, RFA and PLD Space — One Orbital Flight Each by 2028

[DIN] Industry

[IAMD] Air & Missile Defence

[DPL] Policy [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence [DIP] Diplomacy

Greece and Israel Sign the EUR 3 Billion Achilles Shield — David's Sling, SPYDER and Barak MX as One Network

[DIN] Industry [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence [ARC] Arctic & Nordics

Finland Orders the Saab RBS 70 NG Very-Short-Range Air Defence System for SEK 1.2 Billion

[MDF] Doctrine & Force [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence [PLB] Poland–Lithuania–Belarus

Lithuania Moves NASAMS Onto the Approaches to Vilnius, Replacing RBS 70 — Third Battery Due 2028

[DIN] Industry [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence [PLB] Poland–Lithuania–Belarus

Poland's Armaments Agency Signs a PLN 8 Billion Piorun Framework With Mesko — Buying for Lithuania, Latvia and Norway Under SAFE

[DIN] Industry [RUC] Russia-Ukraine [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence

Leonardo Discloses a Kyiv Research Subsidiary Registered in May and Plans Michelangelo Testing in Ukraine

[DIN] Industry [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence [ATL] Transatlantic

Thales and Systematic Team to Offer Command-and-Control for Denmark's Layered Air Defence

[DPL] Policy [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence [DIN] Industry

Switzerland Asks Parliament for CHF 970 Million in Air-Defence Advance Payments — CHF 650 Million Toward IRIS-T SLM

[IAMD] Air & Missile Defence [DIN] Industry [INT] NATO & EU

European Air and Missile Defence: Who Is Buying What (ESSI, IRIS-T, Patriot, Arrow 3, SAMP/T, Skyranger)

[DIN] Industry [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence

Cambridge Aerospace Closes a USD 300 Million Series C at USD 3.4 Billion

[DIN] Industry [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence [ATL] Transatlantic

Northrop Becomes a Second Source for PAC-3 Rocket Motors — USD 3 Billion Over Seven Years

[MDF] Doctrine & Force

[MDF] Doctrine & Force [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence [PLB] Poland–Lithuania–Belarus

Lithuania Moves NASAMS Onto the Approaches to Vilnius, Replacing RBS 70 — Third Battery Due 2028

Bundeswehr soldiers on parade. Germany's armed forces number 186,705 soldiers and 81,048 civilians as of 31 July 2026.

[DEZ] Germany [MDF] Doctrine & Force

Bundeswehr Personnel 2026: Strength by Branch and Rank

186,705 soldiers, 81,048 civilians — Bundeswehr force structure by branch, status and rank, incl. women in uniform. BMVg data, Stand 31 July 2026. Tables, CSV.

[MDF] Doctrine & Force [ARC] Arctic & Nordics [GRD] Land

Norway Adds an Artillery Battalion, Air-Defence Battery and Signals Company to the Finnmark Brigade

[CEE] Central & Eastern Europe

[DPL] Policy [INT] NATO & EU [CEE] Central & Eastern Europe

The Commission Pays Romania EUR 2.5 Billion in SAFE Pre-Financing, the Third Member State Paid

[CEE] Central & Eastern Europe [DIN] Industry [INT] NATO & EU

European Ammunition and Energetics Capacity: Plants, Propellants and Shell Output

[DPL] Policy [INT] NATO & EU [CEE] Central & Eastern Europe

Estonia Receives EUR 351.6 Million Under SAFE — the Second Member State Paid, After Poland's EUR 6.6 Billion

[DIN] Industry [CEE] Central & Eastern Europe

CSG Buys the Gnaschwitz Explosives Site From MAXAM — EUR 100 Million Into Saxon Nitroglycerin

[OPS] Operations [AIR] Air [CEE] Central & Eastern Europe

Spain's Paznic Detachment Opens eAP-72 in Romania With Seven F-18Ms and Three Counter-Drone NH90s

[DIP] Diplomacy [UXS] Uncrewed Systems [CEE] Central & Eastern Europe

Romania Expels a Russian Diplomat and Recalls Its Ambassador After Four Drone Incursions in Four Days

[DIN] Industry [CEE] Central & Eastern Europe

Poland's Nitro-Chem Signs a BAE Systems Letter of Intent for a 2,000-Tonne TNT Plant in Britain

[STK] Deep Strike

[DPL] Policy [DEZ] Germany [STK] Deep Strike

BAAINBw Confirms the Luftwaffe's F-35A Enters Service Without JASSM-ER — the 75-Missile Request Postponed

[DPL] Policy [STK] Deep Strike [RUC] Russia-Ukraine

Making Europe's defence legible.

Signal No. 138 · Seventy million, paid in advance

Signal No. 137 · Russian airspace, notified

Signal No. 136 · Leipzig: Russia named

OHB Takes a EUR 1 Billion IRIS² Contract From SES for 18 Medium-Orbit Satellites, Launches From 2029

Greece and Israel Sign the EUR 3 Billion Achilles Shield — David's Sling, SPYDER and Barak MX as One Network

Finland Orders the Saab RBS 70 NG Very-Short-Range Air Defence System for SEK 1.2 Billion

ESA Signs Launcher Challenge Contracts With Isar, RFA and PLD Space — One Orbital Flight Each by 2028

[DIN] Industry

OHB Takes a EUR 1 Billion IRIS² Contract From SES for 18 Medium-Orbit Satellites, Launches From 2029

Finland Orders the Saab RBS 70 NG Very-Short-Range Air Defence System for SEK 1.2 Billion

HMS Bulwark Transfers to Brazil; the UK–Netherlands Amphibious Replacement Has No First-of-Class Date

Spiegel Puts the F127 Above EUR 40 Billion for Eight Ships — No Firm Offer, Says the Ministry; TKMS Disputes It

ESA Signs Launcher Challenge Contracts With Isar, RFA and PLD Space — One Orbital Flight Each by 2028

Rheinmetall, Hesse Sign EUR 285 Million Letter of Intent — Boxer Output to 500 a Year From 2029

BAAINBw Awards Lufthansa Technik a Used Global 6000 as the PEGASUS Trainer, IOC Held at 2028

Spain Authorises EUR 5.4 Billion A330 MRTT Deal With Poland — Four Tankers for Warsaw by 2030

Rheinmetall Wins the First G-CAP II Call-Off — EUR 250 Million for a 2,000-Bed Lithuania Camp

Poland Confirms 32 More F-35A as It Joins Boeing's USD 131 Billion F-15 Eagle Crest Vehicle

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[IAMD] Air & Missile Defence

Greece and Israel Sign the EUR 3 Billion Achilles Shield — David's Sling, SPYDER and Barak MX as One Network

Finland Orders the Saab RBS 70 NG Very-Short-Range Air Defence System for SEK 1.2 Billion

Lithuania Moves NASAMS Onto the Approaches to Vilnius, Replacing RBS 70 — Third Battery Due 2028

Poland's Armaments Agency Signs a PLN 8 Billion Piorun Framework With Mesko — Buying for Lithuania, Latvia and Norway Under SAFE

Leonardo Discloses a Kyiv Research Subsidiary Registered in May and Plans Michelangelo Testing in Ukraine

Thales and Systematic Team to Offer Command-and-Control for Denmark's Layered Air Defence

Switzerland Asks Parliament for CHF 970 Million in Air-Defence Advance Payments — CHF 650 Million Toward IRIS-T SLM

European Air and Missile Defence: Who Is Buying What (ESSI, IRIS-T, Patriot, Arrow 3, SAMP/T, Skyranger)

Cambridge Aerospace Closes a USD 300 Million Series C at USD 3.4 Billion

Northrop Becomes a Second Source for PAC-3 Rocket Motors — USD 3 Billion Over Seven Years

[MDF] Doctrine & Force

Lithuania Moves NASAMS Onto the Approaches to Vilnius, Replacing RBS 70 — Third Battery Due 2028

Bundeswehr Personnel 2026: Strength by Branch and Rank

Norway Adds an Artillery Battalion, Air-Defence Battery and Signals Company to the Finnmark Brigade

Subscribe to Großwald Signal.

[CEE] Central & Eastern Europe

The Commission Pays Romania EUR 2.5 Billion in SAFE Pre-Financing, the Third Member State Paid

European Ammunition and Energetics Capacity: Plants, Propellants and Shell Output

Estonia Receives EUR 351.6 Million Under SAFE — the Second Member State Paid, After Poland's EUR 6.6 Billion

CSG Buys the Gnaschwitz Explosives Site From MAXAM — EUR 100 Million Into Saxon Nitroglycerin

Spain's Paznic Detachment Opens eAP-72 in Romania With Seven F-18Ms and Three Counter-Drone NH90s

Romania Expels a Russian Diplomat and Recalls Its Ambassador After Four Drone Incursions in Four Days

Poland's Nitro-Chem Signs a BAE Systems Letter of Intent for a 2,000-Tonne TNT Plant in Britain

[STK] Deep Strike

BAAINBw Confirms the Luftwaffe's F-35A Enters Service Without JASSM-ER — the 75-Missile Request Postponed

London Clears MBDA to Release Classified SCALP Component Data So France and Ukraine Can Assemble the Missile