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Großwald Signal

Signal No. 140 · Kallas's group, withdrawn

Kaja Kallas withdrew the High-Level Group on Defence before its Brussels launch, after France and Germany were reported to have withheld support and Italy did not back it.

Großwald Signal

Signal No. 139 · Four sites, a signed name

Großwald Signal

Signal No. 138 · Seventy million, paid in advance

[GRZ] Grey Zone [DEZ] Germany

Two Grid-Sabotage Attacks in Twelve Hours Hit Turnow-Preilack and Bergheim, Tripping Five Lignite Blocks

[DIN] Industry [AIR] Air [ARC] Arctic & Nordics

Patria Assembles Finland's First F135 Engine at Linnavuori Ahead of Rovaniemi F-35A Deliveries

[DPL] Policy [RUC] Russia-Ukraine [DIP] Diplomacy

Ukraine Notifies ICAO That Russian Airspace Is Unsafe; Rosaviatsia Answers With a Counter-Notification

[DIN] Industry [SEA] Sea [UXS] Uncrewed Systems

STARK and Flensburger Shipyard Sign a Vanta USV Series-Production Declaration, No Volumes Yet

[DIN] Industry

[IAMD] Air & Missile Defence

[DPL] Policy [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence [DIP] Diplomacy

Greece and Israel Sign the EUR 3 Billion Achilles Shield — David's Sling, SPYDER and Barak MX as One Network

[DIN] Industry [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence [ARC] Arctic & Nordics

Finland Orders the Saab RBS 70 NG Very-Short-Range Air Defence System for SEK 1.2 Billion

[MDF] Doctrine & Force [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence [PLB] Poland–Lithuania–Belarus

Lithuania Moves NASAMS Onto the Approaches to Vilnius, Replacing RBS 70 — Third Battery Due 2028

[DIN] Industry [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence [PLB] Poland–Lithuania–Belarus

Poland's Armaments Agency Signs a PLN 8 Billion Piorun Framework With Mesko — Buying for Lithuania, Latvia and Norway Under SAFE

[DIN] Industry [RUC] Russia-Ukraine [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence

Leonardo Discloses a Kyiv Research Subsidiary Registered in May and Plans Michelangelo Testing in Ukraine

[DIN] Industry [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence [ATL] Transatlantic

Thales and Systematic Team to Offer Command-and-Control for Denmark's Layered Air Defence

[DPL] Policy [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence [DIN] Industry

Switzerland Asks Parliament for CHF 970 Million in Air-Defence Advance Payments — CHF 650 Million Toward IRIS-T SLM

[IAMD] Air & Missile Defence [DIN] Industry [INT] NATO & EU

European Air and Missile Defence: Who Is Buying What (ESSI, IRIS-T, Patriot, Arrow 3, SAMP/T, Skyranger)

[DIN] Industry [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence

Cambridge Aerospace Closes a USD 300 Million Series C at USD 3.4 Billion

[DIN] Industry [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence [ATL] Transatlantic

Northrop Becomes a Second Source for PAC-3 Rocket Motors — USD 3 Billion Over Seven Years

[MDF] Doctrine & Force

[MDF] Doctrine & Force [IAMD] Air & Missile Defence [PLB] Poland–Lithuania–Belarus

Lithuania Moves NASAMS Onto the Approaches to Vilnius, Replacing RBS 70 — Third Battery Due 2028

Bundeswehr soldiers on parade. Germany's armed forces number 186,705 soldiers and 81,048 civilians as of 31 July 2026.

[DEZ] Germany [MDF] Doctrine & Force

Bundeswehr Personnel 2026: Strength by Branch and Rank

186,705 soldiers, 81,048 civilians — Bundeswehr force structure by branch, status and rank, incl. women in uniform. BMVg data, Stand 31 July 2026. Tables, CSV.

[MDF] Doctrine & Force [ARC] Arctic & Nordics [GRD] Land

Norway Adds an Artillery Battalion, Air-Defence Battery and Signals Company to the Finnmark Brigade

[CEE] Central & Eastern Europe

[DPL] Policy [CEE] Central & Eastern Europe [RUC] Russia-Ukraine

Estonia's Pevkur Resigns Over EUR 70 Million in European Peace Facility Advances to Datasel

[DPL] Policy [INT] NATO & EU [CEE] Central & Eastern Europe

The Commission Pays Romania EUR 2.5 Billion in SAFE Pre-Financing, the Third Member State Paid

[CEE] Central & Eastern Europe [DIN] Industry [INT] NATO & EU

European Ammunition and Energetics Capacity: Plants, Propellants and Shell Output

[DPL] Policy [INT] NATO & EU [CEE] Central & Eastern Europe

Estonia Receives EUR 351.6 Million Under SAFE — the Second Member State Paid, After Poland's EUR 6.6 Billion

[DIN] Industry [CEE] Central & Eastern Europe

CSG Buys the Gnaschwitz Explosives Site From MAXAM — EUR 100 Million Into Saxon Nitroglycerin

[OPS] Operations [AIR] Air [CEE] Central & Eastern Europe

Spain's Paznic Detachment Opens eAP-72 in Romania With Seven F-18Ms and Three Counter-Drone NH90s

[DIP] Diplomacy [UXS] Uncrewed Systems [CEE] Central & Eastern Europe

Romania Expels a Russian Diplomat and Recalls Its Ambassador After Four Drone Incursions in Four Days

[STK] Deep Strike

[DIN] Industry [STK] Deep Strike [SEA] Sea

German Navy Fires Two IAI LORA Ballistic Missiles From the Sachsen-Anhalt's Flight Deck

[DPL] Policy [DEZ] Germany [STK] Deep Strike

Making Europe's defence legible.

Signal No. 140 · Kallas's group, withdrawn

Signal No. 139 · Four sites, a signed name

Signal No. 138 · Seventy million, paid in advance

Two Grid-Sabotage Attacks in Twelve Hours Hit Turnow-Preilack and Bergheim, Tripping Five Lignite Blocks

Patria Assembles Finland's First F135 Engine at Linnavuori Ahead of Rovaniemi F-35A Deliveries

Ukraine Notifies ICAO That Russian Airspace Is Unsafe; Rosaviatsia Answers With a Counter-Notification

STARK and Flensburger Shipyard Sign a Vanta USV Series-Production Declaration, No Volumes Yet

[DIN] Industry

RFA Resurgent's Keel Is Laid at Appledore, First of Three Fleet Solid Support Ships

Patria Assembles Finland's First F135 Engine at Linnavuori Ahead of Rovaniemi F-35A Deliveries

STARK and Flensburger Shipyard Sign a Vanta USV Series-Production Declaration, No Volumes Yet

German Navy Fires Two IAI LORA Ballistic Missiles From the Sachsen-Anhalt's Flight Deck

Spain Transfers EUR 1.483 Billion to Pre-Finance 14 New Defence Modernisation Programmes

LUNA NG/HUSAR Drone Receives Provisional Type Approval From the Bundeswehr Aviation Authority

Sweden Signs Naval Group for Four Luleå-Class FDI Frigates at About EUR 4.3 Billion

OHB Takes a EUR 1 Billion IRIS² Contract From SES for 18 Medium-Orbit Satellites, Launches From 2029

Finland Orders the Saab RBS 70 NG Very-Short-Range Air Defence System for SEK 1.2 Billion

HMS Bulwark Transfers to Brazil; the UK–Netherlands Amphibious Replacement Has No First-of-Class Date

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[IAMD] Air & Missile Defence

Greece and Israel Sign the EUR 3 Billion Achilles Shield — David's Sling, SPYDER and Barak MX as One Network

Finland Orders the Saab RBS 70 NG Very-Short-Range Air Defence System for SEK 1.2 Billion

Lithuania Moves NASAMS Onto the Approaches to Vilnius, Replacing RBS 70 — Third Battery Due 2028

Poland's Armaments Agency Signs a PLN 8 Billion Piorun Framework With Mesko — Buying for Lithuania, Latvia and Norway Under SAFE

Leonardo Discloses a Kyiv Research Subsidiary Registered in May and Plans Michelangelo Testing in Ukraine

Thales and Systematic Team to Offer Command-and-Control for Denmark's Layered Air Defence

Switzerland Asks Parliament for CHF 970 Million in Air-Defence Advance Payments — CHF 650 Million Toward IRIS-T SLM

European Air and Missile Defence: Who Is Buying What (ESSI, IRIS-T, Patriot, Arrow 3, SAMP/T, Skyranger)

Cambridge Aerospace Closes a USD 300 Million Series C at USD 3.4 Billion

Northrop Becomes a Second Source for PAC-3 Rocket Motors — USD 3 Billion Over Seven Years

[MDF] Doctrine & Force

Lithuania Moves NASAMS Onto the Approaches to Vilnius, Replacing RBS 70 — Third Battery Due 2028

Bundeswehr Personnel 2026: Strength by Branch and Rank

Norway Adds an Artillery Battalion, Air-Defence Battery and Signals Company to the Finnmark Brigade

Subscribe to Großwald Signal.

[CEE] Central & Eastern Europe

Estonia's Pevkur Resigns Over EUR 70 Million in European Peace Facility Advances to Datasel

The Commission Pays Romania EUR 2.5 Billion in SAFE Pre-Financing, the Third Member State Paid

European Ammunition and Energetics Capacity: Plants, Propellants and Shell Output

Estonia Receives EUR 351.6 Million Under SAFE — the Second Member State Paid, After Poland's EUR 6.6 Billion

CSG Buys the Gnaschwitz Explosives Site From MAXAM — EUR 100 Million Into Saxon Nitroglycerin

Spain's Paznic Detachment Opens eAP-72 in Romania With Seven F-18Ms and Three Counter-Drone NH90s

Romania Expels a Russian Diplomat and Recalls Its Ambassador After Four Drone Incursions in Four Days

[STK] Deep Strike

German Navy Fires Two IAI LORA Ballistic Missiles From the Sachsen-Anhalt's Flight Deck

BAAINBw Confirms the Luftwaffe's F-35A Enters Service Without JASSM-ER — the 75-Missile Request Postponed